Ultrasound-driven BaTiO ₃ nanorobots patching immunologic barrier to cure chronic rheumatoid arthritis

The disruption and reconstruction of the TREM2+ tissue resident macrophage (TRM) barrier on surface synovial lining play a key role in activation "remission" rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which engender prediction this immunologic as potential driver for achievement "cure" RA. However, strategies to promote have not been reported, effect patching remains unidentified. On other hand, appropriate piezoelectric stimulation can reprogram macrophages, has never exerted TRM yet. Herein, we design tetragonal BaTiO3 (BTO) ultrasound-driven nanorobots (USNRs) by solvothermal synthesis method, demonstrates satisfactory electro-mechanical conversion effects, paving way generate controllable electrical under ultrasound minimally invasive injection into joint cavity. It is demonstrated that could be patched USNR effectively, thereby eliminating hyperplasia vessels nerves (HVN) synovitis. Additionally, TREM2 deficiency serum-transfected (STA) mice models are applied proved indispensable RA curing mediated USNR. In all, our work an interesting important exploration expand classical BTO nanoparticles treatment autoimmune diseases, providing new idea direction biomedical application ceramics.